Wednesday, January 29, 2020

WHAT IS NETWORK OR I.P. ADDRESS?


NETWORK ADDRESS

It is more commonly known as IP address.  It is the numeric address of a computer connected to the network. It can be compared to the physical address that we use for our homes which uniquely identifies it from the rest of the homes in our neighborhood, town, city, province, country and the whole wide world.

Also is a set of numbers, called as “octets” or “dotted decimal” notation, that identifies any network device.


IP Versions

IPv4 – Internet Protocol version 4 known as "standard version".


It is canonically represented in dotted-decimal notation, which consists of four decimal numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, separated by dots, e.g., 172.16.254.1. Each part represents a group of 8 bits (octet) of the address.'



IPv6 – Internet Protocol version 6 known as "advanced version".


CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS

Class A - 1 to 126
Class B - 128 to 191
Class C - 192 to 223
Class D - 224 to 239
Class E - 240 to 255
Note:  127 – Loop back function of a network
Class D - is for multicast
Class E - reserved for future or experimental purposes

CREATING IP ADDRESS 
1.  Right click My Network Places
2.  Click Properties
3.  Right click Local Area Connection
4.  Click Properties
5.  Click TCP/IP
6. Click Properties
          Obtain an IP address automatically
          Use the following IP address                
7.  Click OK

IP CONFIGURATION
1.  Click Start button
2.  Click Run
3.  Type cmd
4.  Type ipconfig
5.  Type ping [IP address]



Tuesday, January 21, 2020

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRAIGHT THROUGH AND CROSS-OVER CABLE?


Connecting a UTP cable involves the use of a RJ 45 connector.  This is an eight-wire connector commonly used to connect devices onto a local area network (LAN)

We need to use the correct color for the appropriated pin in the RJ-45 jack as shown in the table below.

PIN
T568 A
T568 B
1
White/Green
White/Orange
2
Green
Orange
3
White/Orange
White/Green
4
Blue
Blue
5
White/Blue
White/Blue
6
Orange
Green
7
White/Brown
White/Brown
8
Brown
Brown


Image result for straight through cable color coding
Image result for straight through cable color coding 
  1.   Straight Through

-   It is used to connect different type of devices.

Example:
Computer – Switch
Switch – Router
Router - Computer

It uses A-A and B-B coding. 

    


    2.   Cross-Over
-   It is used to connect same type of devices.

Example:
Computer – Computer
Switch – Switch
Router - Router

It uses A-B coding.


WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CABLE?


WHAT IS A CABLE?


Cable - it is a medium that connects computer in a network

TYPES OF CABLE

Image result for TWISTED CABLE1.    Twisted-pair cable
- Is the most common type of cable.
- Have eight individual copper wires bundled together and covered with an insulating material.
- The copper wire is always color-coded with plastic insulations and they are twisted in pairs for a total of four pairs.

Image result for shielded twisted paira.     STP – Shielded Twisted Pair
- Often used in “noisy” environments where a shield of metallic foil is wrapped around each of the wire pairs, with an additional overall shielding to protect against   excessive electromagnetic interference.

Image result for TWISTED CABLEb. UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair
-   Is the most common form of twisted pair wiring.
-   It is less expensive and easier to work with than STP.




2.    Coaxial Cable
Related image- the standard media used by cable TV operators.
- it consists of a plastic insulator that separates the solid copper inner conductor and the woven, copper braid outer conductor.


Image result for fiber optic cable for computers   

   3.    Fiber-optic Cable
-   has a reflective coating that allows light beams to travel without outer interference.